Targeted Therapy in Pediatric Cancers Dr. Ashis Kumar Ghosh. MBBS,DCH.MD Pediatric Oncologist National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital. Targeted therapies are newer types of drugs that act on, or target, specific features of cancer cells. Targeted therapy is sometimes called molecularly targeted therapy or precision medicine. Each targeted drug acts on a certain aspect of cancer cell function. These medicines are a major focus of current research in childhood cancer treatment. How does targeted therapy work? Cancer cells are different from normal, healthy cells. They have changes in the genes and proteins that tell the cell how to function. Targeted therapy uses these mutations to interfere with how cancer cells grow, divide, or spread. Depending on the type of targeted therapy, the drug may act on molecules: On the outside of the cancer cell membrane where it receives messages from other cells. Within the cytoplasm of the cancer cell where most cell activity take place...